Asociación entre factores modificables y tipo de enfermedad cerebrovascular en ancianos, Piura 2018-2020

Abstract

Objetivo: Analizar la asociación entre factores modificables y el tipo de ECV en ancianos en Piura, durante el periodo 2018 – 2020. Material y métodos: Se realizó un estudio analítico transversal en pacientes mayores de 60 años con diagnóstico de ECV en el Hospital Cayetano Heredia, que presentaban al menos un factor modificable mientras que se excluyeron a los pacientes con cirugías, neoplasias, enfermedades vasculares o traumatismos. Se realizó regresión Poisson en STATA versión 15.0 para el análisis crudo y ajustado, considerando la razón de prevalencia con un nivel de confianza al 95%. Resultados: De 248 historias clínicas de pacientes, el 66,1% presentaba ECV isquémico y el 60,1% fueron varones. Se encontró asociación con la dislipidemia (RPa 1,45, IC95% 1,21 – 1,73, p < 0,001), la fibrilación auricular (RPa 1,37, IC95% 1,07 – 1,74, p = 0,01) y el consumo alto de alcohol (RPa 1,31, IC95% 1,01 – 1,69, p = 0,04) con el ECV isquémico, en comparación con el ECV hemorrágico. Conclusiones: Existen factores modificables asociados al tipo de ECV, siendo que la dislipidemia, la fibrilación auricular y el consumo alto de alcohol se asociaron a una mayor prevalencia de ECV isquémico, en comparación con el tipo hemorrágico

Objective: Cerebrovascular disease (CVD) is highly frequent and one of the causes of disability worldwide, however, most of the associated factors are ““modifiable““, i.e. preventable. Objective: to analyze the association between modifiable factors and the type of CVD in elderly people in Piura, during the period 2018 – 2020. Material and methods: A cross-sectional analytical study was performed in patients over 60 years of age with a diagnosis of CVD in the Cayetano Heredia Hospital, who presented at least one modifiable factor while patients with surgeries, neoplasms, vascular diseases or trauma were excluded. Poisson regression was performed in STATA version 15.0 for the crude and adjusted analysis, considering the prevalence ratio with a 95% confidence level. Results: Of 248 patient records, 66.1% had ischemic CVD and 60.1% were male. Dyslipidemia (RPa 1.45, 95%CI 1.21 - 1.73, p < 0.001), atrial fibrillation (RPa 1.37, 95%CI 1.07 - 1.74, p = 0.01) and high alcohol consumption (RPa 1.31, 95%CI 1.01 - 1.69, p = 0.04) were associated with ischemic CVD, compared to hemorrhagic CVD. Conclusions: There are modifiable factors associated with the type of CVD, being that dyslipidemia, atrial fibrillation and high alcohol consumption were associated with a higher prevalence of ischemic CVD, compared to hemorrhagic type